Glossary

Aotearoa

Māori name for New Zealand

---

Atua

Māori deity

Battery

Fortified emplacement for heavy guns

---

Bay of Islands Maritime and Historic Park Board

Management authority established under the Maritime Parks Act to manage reserves in the BOI and near areas

---

Bayonet

Sword-like stabbing blade, which may be fixed to the muzzle of a rifle for use in hand-to-hand fighting. Sometimes referred to as a triangular socket bayonet.

Carronade

Short large-calibre cannon, formerly in naval use

---

Congreve rockets

British military weapon designed by Sir William Congreve in 1804. An iron case, with solid fuel delivered to the enemy fired up to 2km. (Inaccurate and prone to explode prematurely).

---

Crown

Agencies of the Crown i.e. government departments in general

Declaration of Independence (He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Niu Tireni)

Declaration of Independence by Māori in 1835

---

Department of Conservation

Established to combine the green entities in government via the Conservation Act

---

Ditch-and-bank defences

Māori earthen defensive system

Fluxgate gradiometer

Machine that can detect underground features by measuring magnetic anomalies

Geophysical technique, geophysical survey

Archaeological survey dependent on technology but non-invasive

Hapū

Sub tribe of Māori, i.e. political unit greater than whānau, i.e. family but smaller than tribe

---

Hatchet

Small axe with a short handle for use in one hand

---

Howitzer

Short gun for firing shells on high trajectories at low velocities

---

Hui

To gather, congregate, assemble, meet.

Intermediary

Person who acts as a link between people in order to try and bring about an agreement; a mediator

---

Iwi

A tribe of Māori e.g. a larger grouping of hapū, whānau political units

Kainga

Māori village or settlement

---

Kaumatua

Māori elder usually male

---

Kauri

Known by its Māori name kauri, Agathis australis is a coniferous tree found in the northern districts of New Zealand's North Island.

---

Kāwanatanga

Governance by a governor

---

Kīngitanga

Māori king movement

---

Kororāreka

Small Bay of Islands township also known today as Russell

---

Kuia

Female elder of standing

---

Kūmara

Sweet potato

Magnanimous

Generous or forgiving, especially towards a rival or less powerful person

---

Mana

The significance of personal prestige or standing

---

Mānuka

A small flowering shrub of the myrtle family

---

Māori

Polynesian peoples of New Zealand

---

Mere

Short club made of greenstone

---

Mortar

Short smooth-bore gun for firing shells (technically called bombs) at high angles. Sometimes called a Coehorn mortar.

---

Musket

Infantryman’s light gun with a long barrel, typically smooth-bored and fired from the shoulder. Sometimes called flint-lock musket, percussion musket, percussion-cap musket and muzzle-loading smooth-bore musket.

---

Muzzle loader

Gun that is loaded through its muzzle

mahi

work

Nascent

(Especially of a process or organisation) just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential

---

Nga-toki-mata-whao-rua

Canoe

---

Ngāpuhi

Iwi

---

Ngāti Hau

Iwi

---

Ngāti Hine

Iwi

---

Ngāti Manu

Iwi

---

Ngāti Toa

Iwi

---

Ngāti Whātua

Iwi

---

Noa

Ordinary, unrestricted

Pā

Fortified village

---

Pai Mārire

A Christian-based faith initiated by Te Ua Haumēne

---

Pākehā

New Zealander of European descent

---

Palisade

A fence of wooden stakes or iron railings fixed in the ground, forming an enclosure or defence

---

Papa kāinga

Original home

---

Papatuanuku

Earth mother

---

Pātītī

Short-handled axe

---

Patu

Short club, weapon often made of a stone, pounamu or whalebone.

---

Pihareinga

Teleogryllus commodus, Black field cricket

---

Pūriri

Vitex lucens, native tree species

Rangatira

Chief, leader

---

Rangatiratanga

Sovereignty, chieftainship

---

Redcoats

British soldier

---

Rohe

Region

---

Rua

Hole, pit

Sacrosanct

(Especially of a principle, place, or routine) regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with

Taiaha

Hardwood long weapon

---

Tangi

Cry

---

Tāonga

Gift, treasure

---

Tāonga tuku iho

Heirloom

---

Tapu

Sacred

---

Taua

War party

---

Taua Muru

War party tasked with taking compensation

---

Te tino rangatiratanga

Absolute Chieftainship

---

Tikanga

Custom, practice

---

Tohunga

Expert, priest

---

Toki

Adze

---

Torotoro

Scout, advanced guard

---

Tūpara

Double barrelled gun

Utu

Revenge

Waharoa

Entrance way

---

Waka

Canoe

---

Whānau

Family

---

Whenua

Land